āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 4: āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻŦāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻš (āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 2) – āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ 1 āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§-āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϰāϞ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰāĻ āύāĻŋāĻāϏā§āĻŦ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 4: āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻŦāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻš (Pressure Belts and Wind Systems) đ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž (Introduction) āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻĒā§āϞā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻā§, āĻāϰ āĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ ā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻĒ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 3: āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž (āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 5) āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻ āύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ? āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰāĻŖ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤ (1+4=5) āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ: āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 3: āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖāϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 3) – āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ 1 āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻ āĻāύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻšāϞā§: āĻāĻ āύ: āĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϞ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ āύāϝā§āĻā§āϤ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 3: āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž (āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 2) āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§-āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž (Rock) āĻ āĻāύāĻŋāĻ (Mineral)-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāύāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϞ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ āύāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āϝā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ (āϝā§āĻŽāύ- āĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻ, …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 3: āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž (Rocks) đ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž (Introduction) āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ āĻāĻŦāϰāĻŖ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻā§āϤāĻ (Crust) āϝāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ, āϤāĻžāĻā§āĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ ‘āĻļāĻŋāϞāĻž’ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϝ⧠āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϝ⧠āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻ, āϤāĻž āĻāϏāϞ⧠āϞāĻā§āώ āϞāĻā§āώ āĻŦāĻāϰ āϧāϰ⧠…
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2: āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§ (āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 5) āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāϏāĻš āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻĒāĻžāϤ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻžāϰ (Plate Boundaries) āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āϏā§āώā§āĻ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāϰā§āĻĒāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ [Image showing Convergent, Divergent, and Transform plate boundaries] …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2: āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§(āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖāϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 3) – āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. ‘āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāϰāĻŖ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ’ (Continental Drift Theory) āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻž: 1912 āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻšāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻāϞāĻĢā§āϰā§āĻĄ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύāĻžāϰ (Alfred Wegener) āĻāĻ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤ āĻŽā§āϞ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2: āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§ (āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 2) – āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ 1 āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§-āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. ‘āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύāĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž’ (Pangea) āĻāĻŦāĻ ‘āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύāĻĨāĻžāϞāĻžāϏāĻž’ (Panthalassa) āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 30 āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āϏā§āĻĨāϞāĻāĻžāĻ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2: āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§ (Unstable Earth) đ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž (Introduction) [Image of continental drift Pangea to modern earth] āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϝ⧠āĻļāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻāϰāĻŋ, āϤāĻž āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻāϰ āϧāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻāϤ …