āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2.1: āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ (āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – 2 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ) 1. āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻā§āϤ āϧāϰā§āĻŽ āĻ āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĻ āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: 1. āϏāĻāĻā§āĻāĻž: āϝ⧠āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ⧠āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϝāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϤ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2: āĻŽā§āϞ, āϝā§āĻ āĻ āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻĒ-āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2.1: āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ (Nature of Matter) đ§Ē āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž (Introduction) āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ āϝāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĻāĻāϞ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨ (Matter) āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻŦāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻā§āύ⧠āύāĻž …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.4: āĻāϞ⧠(Light) (āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāϏāĻš āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – 3 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ) 1. āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύā§āϰ (Reflection of light) āϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāϏāĻš āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻšāϞā§: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ: āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĒāϤāύ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.4: āĻāϞ⧠(Light) (āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – 2 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ) [Image illustrating the two laws of reflection showing incident ray, reflected ray, normal and angles] 1. āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύā§āϰ (Reflection of light) āϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύā§āϰ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.4: āĻāϞ⧠(Light) ⨠āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž (Introduction) āĻā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ āύā§āϧāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻ āύāĻž, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāϞ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϰāĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĨ¤ āĻāϞ⧠āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāϝāĻŧāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.3: āϤāĻžāĻĒ (āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ 3 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ) āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻž: āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ 3 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻ āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠‘āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§’ āĻ āĻāĻļā§ āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ 1. āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āϤāĻžāĻĒ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž 1. āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻšāϞ⧠…
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.3: āϤāĻžāĻĒ (āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ) āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻž: āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ 2-3 āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠‘āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§’ āĻ āĻāĻļā§ āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ 1. āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠…
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.3: āϤāĻžāĻĒ đĨ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻļā§āϤāĻāĻžāϞ⧠āϰā§āĻĻā§ āĻŦāϏāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻžāĻŽ āϞāĻžāĻā§, āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻļāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāϰāĻĢā§ āĻšāĻžāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻ āĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻž āϞāĻžāĻā§, āĻāϰ āĻĢā§āĻāύā§āϤ āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻžāϤ āϞāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻāĻž āϞāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻ āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.2: āϏā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻļ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§āϞ āĻŦāϞ (āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – 3 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ) 1. āύāĻŋāĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāϰā§āώ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒāĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āύāĻŋāĻāĻāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāϰā§āώ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ: āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āϝā§-āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āĻāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻā§ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰā§āϰ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āϏāϰāϞāϰā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻŦāϰ āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.2: āϏā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻļ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§āϞ āĻŦāϞ(āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – 2 āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ) 1. āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāϰā§āώ (Gravitation) āĻ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāϰā§āώ (Gravity)-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻŽā§āϞ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āϝā§-āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϏā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦāϞāĻā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāϰā§āώ āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§, āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖ …