āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§§: āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰā§āϝ â āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻ āϏā§āϤāĻŽā§āĻ āĻŽā§āϞāĻžāĻ āĻ. āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ (Differences) ā§§. āĻāĻāĻŦā§āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāĻŦā§āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻŽā§āϞ (Fibrous root) …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§§: āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰā§āϝ â ā§Ēā§ŦāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ 1. āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻā§ āĻā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻšāϞā§âāĻĒā§āϰāĻāύāύ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž, āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻĒāύāĻžā§ āϏāĻžā§āĻž āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž, āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ āĻā§āώā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻāύ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāĨ¤ 2. āĻā§ā§āĻžāϏāĻžāϰāĻā§āĻ (Coacervate) āĻā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§§: āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰā§āϝ â ā§Šā§ĢāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ 1. āĻā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϝ⧠āĻļāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻāϤā§āϰāĻžāĻ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§, āϤāĻžāĻā§ ________ āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§āύ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞāĻāĻŋ (Mycology) 2. āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠________ āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏā§āύāĻŽāĻŋāϰ āĻāύāĻ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§§: āĻā§āĻŦāύ āĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰā§āϝ (Life and its Diversity) āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ (Topic Summary) āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāύā§āϝāĻžāϏ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻšāϞā§: āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ (Origin of Life): āĻāĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāύ āĻ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻĄā§āύā§āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ: āĻŽā§āϞ, āϝā§āĻ āĻ āϰāĻžāϏāĻžā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž â āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻ ā§§ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āϏā§āĻ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ ‘āĻ’: āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠(20āĻāĻŋ) 1. āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŖāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ ‘āĻĒāϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§’ āĻĻā§āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠__________āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻĄāĻžāϞāĻāύ 2. āĻĒāϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋā§āĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰ⧠__________ āĻāĻŖāĻž āĻā§āϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāϞā§āĻāĻā§āϰāύ 3. āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻāύ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ: āĻŽā§āϞ, āϝā§āĻ āĻ āϰāĻžāϏāĻžā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž (āϰāϏāĻžā§āύ) āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ (Topic Summary) āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϰāϏāĻžā§āύā§āϰ ‘āĻ -āĻ-āĻ-āĻ’ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āĻ, āϏāĻāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύ āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻž āϝāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦ: āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ: āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ, āϤāϰāϞ, āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏā§ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāĻāĻŽāĻž āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāϞāύāĻžāĻā§āĻ, āϏā§āĻĢā§āĻāύāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻ āĻāϰā§āϧā§āĻŦāĻĒāĻžāϤāύāĨ¤ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.4: āĻāϞ⧠â āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ (āĻŽāĻžāύ ā§Š) 1. āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤ (⧍+ā§§) āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ: āĻāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏā§āϤ āϰāĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĒāϤāύ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻāϤāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻ āĻāĻŋāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.4: āĻāϞ⧠â āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ (āĻŽāĻžāύ ⧍) 1. āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāϞā§? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻāϞā§āĻ āϰāĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻŦāĻā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻāύāϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āϤāĻŋāϰā§āϝāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻāύ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻāϤāϞ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻ āϰāĻļā§āĻŽāĻŋāϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻĒāĻĨā§āϰ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.4: āĻāϞ⧠(Light) â āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ āϏāϤā§āϝ/āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ ‘āĻ’: āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠(20āĻāĻŋ) 1. āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĻ __________ m/sāĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: 3 à 108 2. āĻāϤā§āϤāϞ āϞā§āύā§āϏāĻā§ __________ āϞā§āύā§āϏ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āĻ āĻāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰ⧠(Converging) 3. āĻŽāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻž …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 1.4: āĻāϞ⧠(Light) āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧠āϏāĻāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ (Topic Summary) āĻāĻ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĢāϞāύ, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϞā§āύā§āϏā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻšāϞā§: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻŖ (Refraction): āĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāύ āĻ āϞāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ …