āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 8: āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻāĻžāĻ (āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 5) āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. 1857 āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ ‘āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻāϰ⧒ (Divide and Rule) āύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ? āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 8: āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻāĻžāĻ (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖāϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 3) āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠‘āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻāϰ⧒ (Divide and Rule) āύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ: 1857 āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšā§ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 8: āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻāĻžāĻ(āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 2) – āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ 1 āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§-āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§āϰ ‘āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻāϰ⧒ (Divide and Rule) āύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: 1857 āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšā§ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 8: āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻāĻžāĻ(Communalism to Partition) đ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž (Introduction) 19 āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰā§āϧā§āĻ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŋāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāϧ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāϧ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āϞāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āϝ⧠āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 7: āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϞāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ(āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 5) āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āϧ⧠(āϏā§āĻŦāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻāĻ) āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϞāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ, āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻžāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž: 1905 āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āϞāϰā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻāύ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŋāĻŽāĻĻā§āϰ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 7: āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϞāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ(āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖāϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 3) – āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ 1 āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āϞāϰā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻāύ āĻā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ (1905) āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āϞāϰā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻāύ 1905 āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāϞ: …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 7: āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϞāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ(āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 2) – āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ 1 āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§-āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. āϞāϰā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻāύ āĻā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ (1905) āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ: āϞāϰā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻāύ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻā§āĻļāĻāĻŋ āĻāϝāĻŧāϤāύ⧠āĻ āύā§āĻ …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 7: āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϞāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĻāϰā§āĻļ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ(Ideals and Evolution of the National Movement) đ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž (Introduction) 19 āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻļā§āώā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāĻā§āϰā§āϏā§āϰ āύāϰāĻŽāĻĒāύā§āĻĨā§ āύā§āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ ‘āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ-āύāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ’ āύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŽāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāϞā§, 20 āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāύāĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϞāĻžāϞāĻž …
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 6: āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ (āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 5) āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. 19 āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰā§āϧ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āϧ āĻāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž: 1857 āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ 19 āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰā§āϧ⧠…
āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ 6: āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ(āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖāϧāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϤā§āϤāϰ – āĻŽāĻžāύ: 3) – āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ 1 āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ: 1. 19 āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰā§āϧāĻā§ ‘āϏāĻāĻžāϏāĻŽāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āϝā§āĻ’ (Age of Associations) āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āύ? āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻĄ. āĻ āύāĻŋāϞ āĻļā§āϞ 19 āĻļāϤāĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰā§āϧāĻā§ ‘āϏāĻāĻžāϏāĻŽāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āϝā§āĻ’ āĻŦāϞ⧠…